What is a minority? a state of numerical inferiority? a dominated identity? a category protected by law? a community sharing certain cultural traits? For Bruno Perreau, being a minority means living in a relationship of substitutability. Faced with the spectacle of George Floyd, choked to death by the Minneapolis police, every black person knew they could have been in his place. Any other person constituted by the threat of violence could not help but feel challenged.

Spheres of injustice reflects on the resonances between the different types of minority experience and reviews the obstacles that the notion of minority encounters today: how to articulate minority struggles and prevent them from being in competition? How to involve the majority? How to avoid managerial excesses and resist reactionary attacks? How to represent minorities in the age of algorithms?

Through his study of American, French and European case law, Bruno Perreau shows that one category can always shelter another. Devices that protect gender can be used to protect race, those that protect disability can protect age, class, sexual orientation, and so on. This is what the author calls intrasectionality.

By updating Spheres of Justice, philosopher Michael Walzer's classic work, Spheres of Injustice demonstrates the utility of minority universalism and advances an analog theory of justice to address the challenges of economic, digital, and ecological interdependence in the 21st century.